Start of icecast mpd nix article and cleanup
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content/rambles/mpd-and-icecast-on-nix.md
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content/rambles/mpd-and-icecast-on-nix.md
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---
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title: "Mpd and Icecast on Nix"
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date: "2022-11-06T22:11:10+01:00"
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author: "$HUMANOID"
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tags: ["nix", "linux"]
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description: "Ramble about setting up MPD + Icecast on NixOS"
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---
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# Introduction
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For quite some time now, I've been wanting to move my home server from Debian to
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NixOS. There were a few things that kept me from starting with the migration.
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The main one being that the Debian installation still worked reasonably well. I
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only had occasional hickups in regards to the two USB disks hooked up to my
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Raspberry Pi 4. Every now and then they'd disappear. My guess is that it was due
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to power draw as it would consistently happen when putting heavy IO loads on
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either disk. One of these disks is home to my music collection and used by my
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internet radio setup (in other words, the main thing I listen to when at home).
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And this nicely brings my to my next issue.
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{{< img class="stickers" src="/images/graphs/radio.png" mouse="Flowchart demonstrating software stack">}}
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This radio consists of an MPD instance streaming to an Icecast2 instance,
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being reverse proxied through an NGINX instance (future plans include managing
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the music collection through Git Annex...). I have tried setting up MPD on NixOS
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in the past, but couldn't get it to work for some odd reason. I don't remember
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why I never managed it. I just know that I gave up after a few hours. Today I
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decided to spend as much time as necessary to get at least the MPD + Icecast2
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portion to work. The rest of this post will be detailing how I went about
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setting configuring MPD + Icecast2 on NixOS as there were a few non-obvious
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things I bumped into.
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# Setting up MPD
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To prevent my `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` from ballooning into absurdity,
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you'll want to create something like a `/etc/nixos/services/radio.nix` file
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containing everything related to the radio stack. This file is then imported in
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`/etc/nixos/configration.nix` in the `imports` section as follows:
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```nix
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{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
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imports =
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[ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
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./hardware-configuration.nix
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./drives.nix
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./services/radio.nix
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...
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];
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...
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}
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```
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The first thing you'll want to do is enable the MPD service:
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```nix
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{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
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services.mpd = {
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enable = true;
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...
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```
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From here, there are a few rather basic options that you'll want to set:
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```nix
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...
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musicDirectory = "/path/to/music-collection/";
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network.listenAddress = "any"; # not quite sure if this is needed
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...
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```
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At the `extraConfig` section is where things get interesting. Here I assumed you
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could point Nix to an existing config file with `(builtins.readFile
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/path/to/mpd.conf)` but it seems I am wrong. It doesn't throw any errors when
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switching to a new build, but it doesn't read the given config file either. I'm
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probably missing something here. Please shout at me if you happen to know what
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it is.
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Regardless, you're going to want to add at least one audio output method. Since
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we're going to make MPD talk to Icecast2, we're going to add `audio_output`
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section of type "shout":
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```nix
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...
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musicDirectory = "/path/to/music-collection/";
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extraConfig = ''
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audio_output {
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type "shout"
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encoder "vorbis" # FOSS codec for the win
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name "My Shouty Stream"
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host "<name found in the networking.hostName variable>"
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port "8000" # or use whatever meme you like
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mount "/mpd.ogg"
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password "hunter2"
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quality "5.0"
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format "44100:16:2"
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genre "Rythmic Noise!"
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protocol "icecast2"
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}
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'';
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};
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...
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```
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Please don't take this snippet as gospel and read through the MPD configuration.
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Whatever is found in `extraConfig` will be directly given to MPD as if through
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`/etc/mpd.conf` on e.g. Debian. For instance, if you only locally want to listen
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to your music through say PulseAudio, than you'll need a corresponding output
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section.
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{{< start-details summary="Example PulseAudio configuration I have on my laptop" >}}
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```conf
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...
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audio_output {
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type "pulse"
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name "Pulse output"
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audio_output_format "44100:16:2"
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samplerate_converter "Medium Sinc Interpolator"
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mixer_type "software"
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replaygain "album"
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volume_normalization "no"
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}
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...
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```
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{{< end-details >}}
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## Mounting a music disk
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In order to automount a disk on NixOS, add an expression something like the
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following (indirectly) in your `/etc/nixos/configration.nix`:
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```nix
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fileSystems."/srv/music" = {
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device = "/dev/sdb1"; # assuming that sdb1 is the partition with your music on it
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# device = "/dev/disk/by-label/Sauserer"; # or ideally, if you have a labelled disk
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fsType = "ext4"; # assuming it has a ext4 filesystem on it
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};
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```
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I have my drives listed in `/etc/nixos/drives.nix` and import that in my
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`configration.nix`
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# Setting up Icecast2
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The next step is to set up Icecast2. Same as with MPD, the first thing you'll
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want to do is enable it:
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```nix
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...
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services.icecast = {
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enable = true;
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extraConf = ''
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<location>Floating around in an example configuration snippet on the internet</location>
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<admin>icemaster@localhost</admin>
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<authentication>
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<source-password>hunter2</source-password>
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<relay-password>even-more-super-secret-password</relay-password>
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</authentication>
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<limits>
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<clients>100</clients>
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<sources>2</sources>
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<queue-size>524288</queue-size>
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<client-timeout>30</client-timeout>
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<header-timeout>15</header-timeout>
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<source-timeout>10</source-timeout>
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<burst-on-connect>1</burst-on-connect>
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<burst-size>65535</burst-size>
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</limits>
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'';
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hostname = "hostname:8000";
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listen.port = 8000;
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admin.password = "it gives me a headache that I can't get Nix to read this from a file";
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};
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}
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```
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@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ I ran DWM as my main window manger for over a year before having issues with
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some fullscreen applications and the JetBrains suite, which I had to use for
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college activities.
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{{< img class="stickers" link="https://xkcd.com/1806/" src="/images/xkcd/borrow_your_laptop.png" >}}
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{{< img link="https://xkcd.com/1806/" src="/images/xkcd/borrow_your_laptop.png" >}}
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I decided to give AwesomeWM another shot after having figured out what I want
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from a tiling window manger. This time I managed to get something that worked
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@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ and I decided to dive into learning the language with the goal of being able to
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fully understand my monstrous 384 line config file (586 lines including the
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documentation in commented sections).
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{{< img class="stickers" src="/images/config_length.png" >}}
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{{< img src="/images/config_length.png" >}}
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I don't fully understand it yet at the time of writing, but I do understand it
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a hell of a lot better than when I produced most of those 300 lines.
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Subproject commit 5251fa45a81337e7cf0a4d61f373d31d6c1ed1b7
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